近日在工作中遇到使用POI生成excel模板的需求，数据库取出所有类型生成excel下拉列表供用户选择。
使用的POI版本为3.14
两种方案，第一种的缺点是列表数据量不能超过128。

方案一

public static HSSFWorkbook write(InputStream inputStream) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
         // 初始一个workbook
         HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(inputStream);
         // 创建一个sheet
         HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);
         // 准备下拉列表数据
         String[] strs = new String[] { "刘德华", "张学友", "黎明", "郭富城" };
         // 设置第一列的1-10行为下拉列表
         CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(0, 9, 0, 0);
         // 创建下拉列表数据
         DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.createExplicitListConstraint(strs);
         // 绑定
         HSSFDataValidation dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
         sheet.addValidationData(dataValidation);
         return workbook;
     }

方案二

方案二的思路是在excel中添加一个隐藏的sheet存放数据源（下拉的数据），在真正需要下拉的sheet单元格写入属性。

1.需要使用到的util类

package com.excel.select;

import java.io.InputStream;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.HSSFColor;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Comment;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Drawing;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Font;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.RichTextString;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;

/** * 类CatalogExcelUtil.java的实现描述 * * @author */
public class CatalogExcelUtil {

    /** * 创建Workbook * * @param in * @return * @throws Exception */
    public static Workbook createWorkBook(InputStream in) throws Exception {
        try {
            return new HSSFWorkbook(in);
        } finally {
            if (in != null) {
                in.close();
            }
        }
    }

    /** * 获取单单元格字符串值 * * @param cell * @return */
    public static String getCellStringValue(Cell cell) {
        if (cell == null) {
            return "";
        }

        cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
        RichTextString str = cell.getRichStringCellValue();
        return str.getString();
    }

    /** * 初始化Excel单元格, 设置单元格值和样式 * * @param cell * @param style * @param value */
    public static void initCell(Cell cell, CellStyle style, String value) {
        cell.setCellStyle(style);
        cell.setCellValue(value);
    }

    /** * 初始化Excel单元格, 设置单元格值、样式和备注 * * @param cell * @param style * @param value * @param comment */
    public static void initCell(Cell cell, CellStyle style, String value, Comment comment) {
        cell.setCellStyle(style);
        cell.setCellValue(value);
        cell.setCellComment(comment);
    }

    /** * 获取Excel单元格备注 * * @param drawing * @param anchor * @param content * @return */
    public static Comment getCellComment(Drawing drawing, HSSFClientAnchor anchor, String content) {
        Comment comment = drawing.createCellComment(anchor);
        comment.setString(new HSSFRichTextString(content));
        return comment;
    }

    /** * 获取Excel标题单元格样式 * * @param wb * @return */
    public static CellStyle getHeadStyle(Workbook wb) {
        CellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
        style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_ORANGE.index);
        style.setFillPattern(CellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
        style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);

        Font font = wb.createFont();
        font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); // 粗体
        style.setFont(font);
        style.setLocked(true);
        return style;
    }

    /** * 获取Excel数据单元格样式 * * @param wb * @return */
    public static CellStyle getBodyStyle(Workbook wb) {
        CellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
        style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
        return style;
    }

    /** * 获取Excel错误单元格样式 * * @param wb * @return */
    public static CellStyle getErrorStyle(Workbook wb) {
        CellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();

        Font font = wb.createFont();
        font.setColor(HSSFColor.RED.index);

        style.setFont(font);
        return style;
    }

}

2.Test类

package com.excel.select;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.DVConstraint;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataFormat;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataValidation;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFName;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.util.CellRangeAddressList;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;

public class Test3 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Workbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
        Sheet sheet = wb.createSheet("导入模板");

        // 第一行
        Row row = sheet.createRow(0);
        CellStyle style = CatalogExcelUtil.getHeadStyle(wb);

        CatalogExcelUtil.initCell(row.createCell(0), style, "第1列列头");
        CatalogExcelUtil.initCell(row.createCell(1), style, "第2列列头");
        CatalogExcelUtil.initCell(row.createCell(2), style, "部门");
        CatalogExcelUtil.initCell(row.createCell(3), style, "层级");
        CatalogExcelUtil.initCell(row.createCell(4), style, "第5列列头");
        CatalogExcelUtil.initCell(row.createCell(5), style, "第6列列头");

        // 设置部门
        String[] departSelectList = new String[] { "刘德华", "张学友", "黎明", "郭富城", "金城武", "梁朝伟" };
        // 第3列的第1行到第21行单元格部门下拉 ，可替换为从数据库的部门表数据，
        // hidden_depart 为隐藏的sheet的别名，1为这个sheet的索引 ，考虑到有多个列绑定下拉列表
        wb = dropDownList2003(wb, sheet, departSelectList, 1, 20, 2, 2, "hidden_depart", 1);

        // 设置层级
        String[] levelSelectList = new String[] { "科比", "詹姆斯", "库里", "麦迪", "艾弗森" };
        for (int i = 0; i < levelSelectList.length; i++) {
        }
        wb = dropDownList2003(wb, sheet, levelSelectList, 1, 20, 3, 3, "hidden_level", 2);
        FileOutputStream stream = new FileOutputStream("d:\\success9.xls");
        wb.write(stream);
        stream.close();
    }

    /** * @param wb HSSFWorkbook对象 * @param realSheet 需要操作的sheet对象 * @param datas 下拉的列表数据 * @param startRow 开始行 * @param endRow 结束行 * @param startCol 开始列 * @param endCol 结束列 * @param hiddenSheetName 隐藏的sheet名 * @param hiddenSheetIndex 隐藏的sheet索引 * @return * @throws Exception */
    public static HSSFWorkbook dropDownList2003(Workbook wb, Sheet realSheet, String[] datas, int startRow, int endRow,
                                                int startCol, int endCol, String hiddenSheetName, int hiddenSheetIndex)
                                                                                                                       throws Exception {

        HSSFWorkbook workbook = (HSSFWorkbook) wb;
        // 创建一个数据源sheet
        HSSFSheet hidden = workbook.createSheet(hiddenSheetName);
        // 数据源sheet页不显示
        workbook.setSheetHidden(hiddenSheetIndex, true);
        // 将下拉列表的数据放在数据源sheet上
        HSSFRow row = null;
        HSSFCell cell = null;
        for (int i = 0, length = datas.length; i < length; i++) {
            row = hidden.createRow(i);
            cell = row.createCell(0);
            cell.setCellValue(datas[i]);
        }
        //2016-12-15更新，遇到问题：生成的excel下拉框还是可以手动编辑，不满足
        //HSSFName namedCell = workbook.createName();
        //namedCell.setNameName(hiddenSheetName);
        // A1 到 Adatas.length 表示第一列的第一行到datas.length行，需要与前一步生成的隐藏的数据源sheet数据位置对应
        //namedCell.setRefersToFormula(hiddenSheetName + "!$A$1:$A" + datas.length);
        // 指定下拉数据时，给定目标数据范围 hiddenSheetName!$A$1:$A5 隐藏sheet的A1到A5格的数据
        DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.createFormulaListConstraint(hiddenSheetName + "!$A$1:$A" + datas.length);
        CellRangeAddressList addressList = null;
        HSSFDataValidation validation = null;
        row = null;
        cell = null;
        // 单元格样式
        CellStyle style = workbook.createCellStyle();
        style.setDataFormat(HSSFDataFormat.getBuiltinFormat("0"));
        style.setAlignment(CellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
        style.setVerticalAlignment(CellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
        // 循环指定单元格下拉数据
        for (int i = startRow; i <= endRow; i++) {
            row = (HSSFRow) realSheet.createRow(i);
            cell = row.createCell(startCol);
            cell.setCellStyle(style);
            addressList = new CellRangeAddressList(i, i, startCol, endCol);
            validation = new HSSFDataValidation(addressList, constraint);
            realSheet.addValidationData(validation);
        }

        return workbook;
    }
}