在历史上，套接字是使用nagle算法打开的，它会延迟小数据包以优化网络通信。
处理小包时，应设置 TCP_NODELAY 插座选项。在java中，您可以通过调用 socket.setTcpNoDelay(true); 调整后我得到：
12000包/秒，无缓冲区
26000包/秒，带缓冲区
我的调整代码：

public class Test {
    static DataOutputStream cout(Socket s) throws IOException {
        return new DataOutputStream( (s.getOutputStream()));
//        return new DataOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(s.getOutputStream()));
    }
    static DataInputStream cin(Socket s) throws IOException {
        return new DataInputStream( (s.getInputStream()));
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        ServerSocket server = new ServerSocket(12345);
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                Socket client = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 12345);
                client.setTcpNoDelay(true);
                DataOutputStream out = cout(client);
                DataInputStream in = cin(client);
                long tm1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
                int lastCount = 0;
                for (int i=0;i<300000;i++) {
                    int a = in.readInt();
                    out.writeInt(a);
                    out.flush();
                    long tm2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    if ((tm2 - tm1) >= 1000) {
                        System.out.println(i - lastCount);
                        lastCount = i;
                        tm1 += 1000;
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();
        Socket client=server.accept();
        client.setTcpNoDelay(true);
        DataOutputStream out = cout(client);
        DataInputStream in = cin(client);
        for (int i=0;i<300000;i++){
            out.writeInt(i);
            out.flush();
            if (i!=in.readInt()){
                System.out.println("ERROR");
            }
        }
        client.close();
        server.close();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
    }
}