我必须用许多like and and语句优化查询，因为由于表中的数据量太大，搜索速度变得非常慢。
我读过一些关于索引和全文索引的书，但不知道如何使用它们。
下面是一个查询示例：

SELECT o.* 
FROM (
        (op INNER JOIN o on op.idordine=o.idordine) 
        INNER JOIN f on f.idfornitore=o.idfornitore
    ) 
    INNER JOIN u on u.idutente=o.idutente
WHERE f.ragsoc COLLATE UTF8_GENERAL_CI LIKE '%something%' 
AND u.idutente  COLLATE UTF8_GENERAL_CI LIKE '%somethingelse%' 
AND o.codice  COLLATE UTF8_GENERAL_CI LIKE '%something%' 
AND (o.autorizzazione  COLLATE UTF8_GENERAL_CI LIKE '%somethingelse%' 
    OR o.autorizzazione2  COLLATE UTF8_GENERAL_CI LIKE '%something%'
    ) 
AND (op.codice  COLLATE UTF8_GENERAL_CI LIKE '%somethingelse%' 
    OR op.descrizione  COLLATE UTF8_GENERAL_CI LIKE '%$something%'
    ) 
AND op.destinazione  COLLATE UTF8_GENERAL_CI LIKE '%$somethingelse%' 
AND (o.data BETWEEN '$ed' AND '$ea')