您可以将正则表达式应用于过滤器，如下所示

var divs = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll("[id^='header_']")).filter(function(el){
   return el.id.match(/^header_[0-9]+/i);
});

console.log(divs);

<div id="header_1"></div>
<div id="header_2"></div>
<div id="header_3"></div>
<div id="header_abc"></div>
<div id="header_xyz"></div>

您可以使用此解决方案：

const headers = document.querySelectorAll("[id^='header_']");

const titles = [];

headers.forEach((header) => titles.push(header.getAttribute('title')));

// Do something you want with titles array

如果我理解正确的话，试着这样做：

# select h1 elements with id attribute whose value begins with "header"

headers = document.querySelectorAll("[id^='header_']");

# loop through the elements and extract the part of the attribute value following "_"

for (let header of headers) {
  target = header.getAttribute('id').split('_')[1]

  #check for the presence of a digit
  if (/d/.test(target)) {
    console.log(header.getAttribute('title'))
  }
}