我可以通过使用自定义反序列化器来实现这一点：

public class CMNodeCustomDeserializer extends StdDeserializer<CMNode> {

private final Map<String, Class<? extends CMNode>> registry = Map.of("ROOT", CMRootNode.class,
                                                               "JUNCTION", CMJunctionNode.class,
                                                               "LEAF", CMLeafNode.class);

public CMNodeCustomDeserializer() {
    super(CMNode.class);
}

@Override
public CMNode deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext deserializationContext) throws IOException {
    ObjectMapper mapper = (ObjectMapper) jsonParser.getCodec();
    JsonNode root = mapper.readTree(jsonParser);
    String type = root.get("parameters").get("type").asText();
    return mapper.treeToValue(root, registry.get(type));
}

}