由于你试图复制复选框的行为，我可能会使用这样的东西：

$('.ck-button input').on('change', function() {
  $(this.parentNode).toggleClass('selected', this.checked);
});

.customCheckboxBtns {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
  overflow: auto;
}

.ck-button {
  margin-right: 0.375rem;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border: 1px solid #26a69a;
  overflow: auto;
  float: left;
  font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;
  transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;
  color: #999999;
}

.ck-button:hover {
  background: #7dcac2;
  border: 1px solid #26a69a;
  color: #26a69a;
  background-color: #ffffff;
}

.ck-button label {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  display: block;
  background: #26a69a;
  color: #ffffff;
  transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;
}

.ck-button label:hover {
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ck-button input:checked {
  background: #26a69a none repeat scroll 0 0;
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;
}

.ck-button label:hover {
  background: #7dcac2 none repeat scroll 0 0;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.ck-button label input {
  position: absolute;
  /*top:-2000px;*/
}

.ck-button label input[type="checkbox"] {
  position: absolute;
  visibility: hidden;
}

label.selected {
  background: #7dcac2 none repeat scroll 0 0;
  color: #ffffff;
}

<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div class="customCheckboxBtns">
  <div class="ck-button">
    <label>
      <input name="column-2" type="checkbox">1</label>
  </div>
  <div class="ck-button">
    <label class="selected">
      <input checked="checked" name="column-3" type="checkbox">2</label>
  </div>
  <div class="ck-button">
    <label>
      <input name="column-4" type="checkbox">3</label>
  </div>
  <div class="ck-button">
    <label>
      <input name="column-5" type="checkbox">4</label>
  </div>
  <div class="ck-button">
    <label>
      <input name="column-6" type="checkbox">5</label>
  </div>
</div>

JSFiddle：https://jsfiddle.net/zdwjnLvL/15/

以下内容应该有效：

$('.ck-button label').on('click', function (event) {
      event.preventDefault();
      $(this).toggleClass("selected"); 
 });`

https://jsfiddle.net/YvCil/zdwjnLvL/5/
尽管这不会选中复选框。当标签上有click处理程序时，它将同时为标签和复选框触发。参见Jquery click event triggers twice when clicked on html label

问题是单击标签时会触发两次单击处理程序。当您单击标签时，它会触发单击处理程序，但它也会向关联的输入复选框发送单击。该单击向上冒泡到它的包含元素（标签），导致单击处理程序再次触发。
您可能希望侦听input复选框上的click或change事件，而不是标签。这对可访问性也有好处，因为它仍然会更改输入值，并允许用户使用键盘进行更改。

Javascript摘录

$('.ck-button input[type="checkbox"]').change(function() {
  $(this).closest('label').toggleClass('selected');
});

样本

$('.ck-button input[type="checkbox"]').change(function() {
  $(this).closest('label').toggleClass('selected');
});

.customCheckboxBtns {
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
  overflow: auto;
}

.ck-button {
  margin-right: 0.375rem;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 4px;
  border: 1px solid #26a69a;
  overflow: auto;
  float: left;
  font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', sans-serif;
  transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;
  color: #999999;
}

.ck-button:hover {
  background: #7dcac2;
  border: 1px solid #26a69a;
  color: #26a69a;
  background-color: #ffffff;
}

.ck-button label {
  text-align: center;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  display: block;
  background: #26a69a;
  color: #ffffff;
  transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;
}

.ck-button label:hover {
  cursor: pointer;
}

.ck-button input:checked {
  background: #26a69a none repeat scroll 0 0;
  color: #ffffff;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.5rem;
  transition: all 0.2s ease 0s;
}

.ck-button label:hover {
  background: #7dcac2 none repeat scroll 0 0;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.ck-button label input {
  position: absolute;
  /*top:-2000px;*/
}

.ck-button label input[type="checkbox"] {
  position: absolute;
  visibility: hidden;
}

label.selected {
  background: #7dcac2 none repeat scroll 0 0;
  color: #ffffff;
}

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div class="customCheckboxBtns">
  <div class="ck-button"><label><input checked="checked" name="column-2" type="checkbox">1</label></div>
  <div class="ck-button"><label class="selected"><input checked="checked" name="column-3" type="checkbox">2</label></div>
  <div class="ck-button"><label><input checked="checked" name="column-4" type="checkbox">3</label></div>
  <div class="ck-button"><label><input checked="checked" name="column-5" type="checkbox">4</label></div>
  <div class="ck-button"><label><input checked="checked" name="column-6" type="checkbox">5</label></div>
</div>