做一些假设-

touch foo_{1..20}_bar.ext       # simplified set
shopt -s extglob                # more specific globbing
mkdir hold                      # a place to avoid naming collisions
mv *_+([0-9])_*.ext hold/       # make sure this grabs the right set
declare -i cnt=0                # reinitialize this is you run it again!
lst=( $( printf "%s\n" hold/* | 
           sort -t_ -k2,2rn ) ) # reverse numeric order on the key
for f in "${lst[@]}"
do n="${f#hold/}"               # strip subfolder to move them *back* 
   mv "$f" "./${n/_+([0-9])_/_$((++cnt))_}" # replace/reorder the numbers
done

我用echo运行了它：

$: for f in "${lst[@]}"; do n="${f#hold/}"; echo mv "$f" "./${n/_+([0-9])_/_$((++cnt))_}"; done
mv hold/foo_20_bar.ext ./foo_1_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_19_bar.ext ./foo_2_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_18_bar.ext ./foo_3_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_17_bar.ext ./foo_4_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_16_bar.ext ./foo_5_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_15_bar.ext ./foo_6_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_14_bar.ext ./foo_7_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_13_bar.ext ./foo_8_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_12_bar.ext ./foo_9_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_11_bar.ext ./foo_10_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_10_bar.ext ./foo_11_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_9_bar.ext ./foo_12_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_8_bar.ext ./foo_13_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_7_bar.ext ./foo_14_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_6_bar.ext ./foo_15_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_5_bar.ext ./foo_16_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_4_bar.ext ./foo_17_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_3_bar.ext ./foo_18_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_2_bar.ext ./foo_19_bar.ext
mv hold/foo_1_bar.ext ./foo_20_bar.ext