HarmonyOS

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来源:https://blog.csdn.net/forever_wj/category_11128883.html

HarmonyOS之常用布局DependentLayout的使用

x33g5p2x  于2022-03-07 转载在 其他  
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一、DependentLayout 简介
  • DependentLayout 是 Java UI 系统里的一种常见布局。与DirectionalLayout 相比,拥有更多的排布方式,每个组件可以指定相对于其他同级元素的位置,或者指定相对于父组件的位置。
  • DirectionalLayout 布局方式,请参考我的博客:HarmonyOS之常用布局DirectionalLayout的使用。
  • DependentLayout 布局示意如下:

二、支持的 XML 属性
  • DependentLayout 的共有 XML 属性继承自 Component,详情请参考我的博客:HarmonyOS之组件通用的XML属性总览。
  • DependentLayout 的自有 XML 属性见下表:

| 属性名称 | 中文描述 | 取值 | 取值说明 | 使用案例 |
| alignment | 对齐方式 | left | 表示左对齐 | 可以设置取值项如表中所列,也可以使用“|”进行多项组合。<br>ohos:alignment="top|left"<br>ohos:alignment="left" |
| top | 表示顶部对齐 |
| left | 表示左对齐 |
| bottom | 表示底部对齐 |
| horizontal_center | 表示水平居中对齐 |
| vertical_center | 表示垂直居中对齐 |
| center | 表示居中对齐 |

  • DependentLayout 所包含组件可支持的 XML 属性见下表:

| 属性名称 | 中文描述 | 取值 | 取值说明 | 使用案例 |
| left_of | 将右边缘与另一个子组件的左边缘对齐 | 引用 | 仅可引用DependentLayout中包含的其他组件的id | ohos:left_of="$id:component_id" |
| right_of | 将左边缘与另一个子组件的右边缘对齐 | ohos:right_of="$id:component_id" |
| start_of | 将结束边与另一个子组件的起始边对齐 | ohos:start_of="$id:component_id" |
| end_of | 将起始边与另一个子组件的结束边对齐 | ohos:end_of="$id:component_id" |
| above | 将下边缘与另一个子组件的上边缘对齐 | ohos:above="$id:component_id" |
| below | 将上边缘与另一个子组件的下边缘对齐 | ohos:below="$id:component_id" |
| align_baseline | 将子组件的基线与另一个子组件的基线对齐 | ohos:align_baseline="$id:component_id" |
| align_left | 将左边缘与另一个子组件的左边缘对齐 | ohos:align_left="$id:component_id" |
| align_top | 将上边缘与另一个子组件的上边缘对齐 | ohos:align_top="$id:component_id" |
| align_right | 将右边缘与另一个子组件的右边缘对齐 | ohos:align_right="$id:component_id" |
| align_bottom | 将底边与另一个子组件的底边对齐 | ohos:align_bottom="$id:component_id" |
| align_start | 将起始边与另一个子组件的起始边对齐 | ohos:align_start="$id:component_id" |
| align_end | 将结束边与另一个子组件的结束边对齐 | ohos:align_end="$id:component_id" |
| align_parent_left | 将左边缘与父组件的左边缘对齐 | boolean类型 | 可以直接设置true/false,也可以引用boolean资源 | ohos:align_parent_left="true"<br>ohos:align_parent_left="$boolean:true" |
| align_parent_top | 将上边缘与父组件的上边缘对齐 | ohos:align_parent_top="true"<br>ohos:align_parent_top="$boolean:true" |
| align_parent_right | 将右边缘与父组件的右边缘对齐 | ohos:align_parent_right="true"<br>ohos:align_parent_right="$boolean:true" |
| align_parent_bottom | 将底边与父组件的底边对齐 | ohos:align_parent_bottom="true"<br>ohos:align_parent_bottom="$boolean:true" |
| align_parent_start | 将起始边与父组件的起始边对齐 | ohos:align_parent_start="true"<br>ohos:align_parent_start="$boolean:true" |
| align_parent_end | 将结束边与父组件的结束边对齐 | ohos:align_parent_end="true"<br>ohos:align_parent_end="$boolean:true" |
| center_in_parent | 将子组件保持在父组件的中心 | ohos:center_in_parent="true"<br>ohos:center_in_parent="$boolean:true" |
| horizontal_center | 将子组件保持在父组件水平方向的中心 | ohos:horizontal_center="true"<br>ohos:horizontal_center="$boolean:true" |
| vertical_center | 将子组件保持在父组件垂直方向的中心 | ohos:vertical_center="true"<br>ohos:vertical_center="$boolean:true" |

三、排列方式
  • DependentLayout 的排列方式是相对于其他同级组件或者父组件的位置进行布局。
① 相对于同级组件
  • end_of
    • 如下图所示:

    • 示例代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<DependentLayout
	    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:width="match_content"
	    ohos:height="match_content"
	    ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_light_gray_element">
	    <Text
	        ohos:id="$+id:text1"
	        ohos:width="match_content"
	        ohos:height="match_content"
	        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:text="text1"
	        ohos:text_size="20fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"/>
	    <Text
	        ohos:id="$+id:text2"
	        ohos:width="match_content"
	        ohos:height="match_content"
	        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:text="end_of text1"
	        ohos:text_size="20fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
	        ohos:end_of="$id:text1"/>
	</DependentLayout>
    • color_light_gray_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:shape="rectangle">
	    <solid
	        ohos:color="#EDEDED"/>
	</shape>
    • color_cyan_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:shape="rectangle">
	    <solid
	        ohos:color="#00FFFD"/>
	</shape>
  • below
    • 如下图所示:

    • 示例代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<DependentLayout
	    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:width="match_content"
	    ohos:height="match_content"
	    ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_light_gray_element">
	    <Text
	        ohos:id="$+id:text1"
	        ohos:width="match_content"
	        ohos:height="match_content"
	        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:right_margin="40vp"
	        ohos:text="text1"
	        ohos:text_size="20fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"/>
	    <Text
	        ohos:id="$+id:text2"
	        ohos:width="match_content"
	        ohos:height="match_content"
	        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:right_margin="40vp"
	        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:text="below text1"
	        ohos:text_size="20fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
	        ohos:below="$id:text1"/>
	</DependentLayout>
    • color_light_gray_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:shape="rectangle">
	    <solid
	        ohos:color="#EDEDED"/>
	</shape>
    • color_cyan_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:shape="rectangle">
	    <solid
	        ohos:color="#00FFFD"/>
	</shape>
  • 其他的 above、start_of、left_of、right_of 等参数可分别实现类似的布局。
② 相对于父组件
  • 以上位置布局可以组合,形成处于左上角、左下角、右上角、右下角的布局,如下:

  • 示例代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<DependentLayout
	    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:width="300vp"
	    ohos:height="100vp"
	    ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_background_gray_element">
	    <Text
	        ohos:id="$+id:text6"
	        ohos:width="match_content"
	        ohos:height="match_content"
	        ohos:text="align_parent_right"
	        ohos:text_size="12fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
	        ohos:align_parent_right="true"
	        ohos:center_in_parent="true"/>
	    <Text
	        ohos:id="$+id:text7"
	        ohos:width="match_content"
	        ohos:height="match_content"
	        ohos:text="align_parent_bottom"
	        ohos:text_size="12fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
	        ohos:align_parent_bottom="true"
	        ohos:center_in_parent="true"/>
	    <Text
	        ohos:id="$+id:text8"
	        ohos:width="match_content"
	        ohos:height="match_content"
	        ohos:text="center_in_parent"
	        ohos:text_size="12fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
	        ohos:center_in_parent="true"/>
	    <Text
	        ohos:id="$+id:text9"
	        ohos:width="match_content"
	        ohos:height="match_content"
	        ohos:text="align_parent_left_top"
	        ohos:text_size="12fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_cyan_element"
	        ohos:align_parent_left="true"
	        ohos:align_parent_top="true"/>
	</DependentLayout>
  • color_background_gray_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:shape="rectangle">
	    <solid
	        ohos:color="#ffbbbbbb"/>
	</shape>
  • color_cyan_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:shape="rectangle">
	    <solid
	        ohos:color="#00FFFD"/>
	</shape>
四、场景示例
  • 使用 DependentLayout 可以轻松实现内容丰富的布局,如下图所示:

  • 源码示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<DependentLayout
	    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:width="match_parent"
	    ohos:height="match_content"
	    ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_background_gray_element">
	    <Text
	        ohos:id="$+id:text1"
	        ohos:width="match_parent"
	        ohos:height="match_content"
	        ohos:text_size="25fp"
	        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_gray_element"
	        ohos:text="Title"
	        ohos:text_weight="1000"
	        ohos:text_alignment="horizontal_center"
	    />
	    <Text
	        ohos:id="$+id:text2"
	        ohos:width="match_content"
	        ohos:height="120vp"
	        ohos:text_size="10fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_gray_element"
	        ohos:text="Catalog"
	        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:left_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:align_parent_left="true"
	        ohos:text_alignment="center"
	        ohos:multiple_lines="true"
	        ohos:below="$id:text1"
	        ohos:text_font="serif"/>
	    <Text
	        ohos:id="$+id:text3"
	        ohos:width="match_parent"
	        ohos:height="120vp"
	        ohos:text_size="25fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_gray_element"
	        ohos:text="Content"
	        ohos:top_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:text_alignment="center"
	        ohos:below="$id:text1"
	        ohos:end_of="$id:text2"
	        ohos:text_font="serif"/>
	    <Button
	        ohos:id="$+id:button1"
	        ohos:width="70vp"
	        ohos:height="match_content"
	        ohos:text_size="15fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_gray_element"
	        ohos:text="Previous"
	        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:below="$id:text3"
	        ohos:left_of="$id:button2"
	        ohos:italic="false"
	        ohos:text_weight="5"
	        ohos:text_font="serif"/>
	    <Button
	        ohos:id="$+id:button2"
	        ohos:width="70vp"
	        ohos:height="match_content"
	        ohos:text_size="15fp"
	        ohos:background_element="$graphic:color_gray_element"
	        ohos:text="Next"
	        ohos:right_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:bottom_margin="15vp"
	        ohos:align_parent_end="true"
	        ohos:below="$id:text3"
	        ohos:italic="false"
	        ohos:text_weight="5"
	        ohos:text_font="serif"/>
	</DependentLayout>
  • color_background_gray_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:shape="rectangle">
	    <solid
	        ohos:color="#ffbbbbbb"/>
	</shape>
  • color_gray_element.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
	<shape xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
	    ohos:shape="rectangle">
	    <solid
	        ohos:color="#878787"/>
	</shape>

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